The antibacterial activity was studied of azo dyes. Textile dyeing and finishing processes generate a large amount of dye containing wastewater. Azo dye, bioremediation, industrial effluent, microbial degradation. A sequential anaerobicaerobic treatment process based on mixed culture of bacteria isolated from textile dye effluentcontaminated soil was used to degrade sulfonated azo dyes orange g og, amido black 10b ab, direct red 4bs dr and congo red cr. Due to the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of azo dyes and their breakdown products, their removal from industrial wastewaters has been an urgent challenge.
Toxicity assessment and microbial degradation of azo dyes. Azo dyes play an important role as coloring agents in the textile, food, and pharmaceutical industry. Biodegradation of sulfonated azo dyes goszczynski et all j. The acute and phytotoxicity evaluation of degraded metabolites suggests that bacterial strain favors the detoxification of dye rb 172. Integrated and sequential anaerobicaerobic biodegradation. Many azo dyes, like sudan red and scarlet red, can be used as biological dyes because they are fat soluble and can be absorbed into fat cell tissues on microscope slides. The biodegradation of synthetic dyes is an economic, effective, biofriendly, and environmentally benign process. At present there are around 3,000 azo dyes in use worldwide and they account for 65% of the commercial dyes. The impact of azo dyes in food industry and their degraded products on. Some azo dyes with this property and which can revert slowly to the trans isomer in the dark are used in sunglasses and car sunroofs. However, for the bioremediation constitutes an efficient treatment, it is necessary to take into considerations. Their widespread use, coupled with the fact that azo dyes are not readily degraded in biological treatment systems makes this class of chemicals a significant environmental problem. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles, leather articles, and some foods.
Benzidine based azodyes 1chlorophenyl azo2naphthol xh red and blue azodyes are extensively used in textile dyeing and hence these dyes have been chosen in the present study. Under anaerobic conditions in a fixedbed column using glucose as cosubstrate, the azo dyes were reduced and amines were released by the. Biodegradation of textile azo dyes by bacteria isolated from dyeing industry effluent hassan m. It is produced by reacting two components named coupling method and diazo component. This reduction may involve different mechanisms, such as enzymes, low molecular weight redox mediators, chemical reduction by biogenic reductants like sulfide, or a combination of these. At this time, the information related to the biodegradation of dyes other than azo dyes was insignificant. Pdf bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group r. Sequential processes combine the anaerobic and the aerobic steps either. Dye removal from wastewater is a difficult task and expensive2. This postnote examines the hazards associated with the use of azo dyes in the textile industry, with a particular emphasis on wastewater contamination. Biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria inoculated on solid. A number of simple azo dyes was degraded in liquid aerated batch cultures by a strain of the yeast candida zeylanoides. The first step in the bacterial degradation of azo dyes, in either anaerobic or aerobic conditions, is the reduction of the n n bond.
Overview azo dyes, a type of textile colourant, are integral to the textile industry and make up 70% of commercial dyes. Jan 29, 2015 thus, to understand the mechanism of azo dyes degradation by bacterial consortium which doesnt produce aromatic amines under sequential microaerophilicaerobic processes. Dyes are used in almost every commercial product such as food, clothing, pigments and paints, etc. Aerobic degradation of the azo dye acid red 151 in a.
Microbial decolorization of reactive azo dyes by bacillus. There are few reports on the biodegradation of triphenyl methane dyes by bacteria. Most 6070% of the more than 10,000 dyes applied in. Microbes and there enzymes could decolorize the dyes by both aerobic and anaerobic metabolis. Cleavage of the azo bonds in the azo dyes gives aromatic amines which are more toxic and carcinogenic. Decolorization and biodegradation of reactive sulfonated. Studies on the biodegradation of azo dyes by white rot fungi daedalea flavida in the absence of external carbon source chhavi rani, asim k. Decolorization of textile azo dyes by newly isolated. Received 2nd may 20, revised 27 th june 20, accepted 18 th july 20. Biodegradation of azo dyes the handbook of environmental chemistry. Etl1949 with remarkable ability to decolourize the reactive azo dyes such as reactive red, reactive yellow, reactive brilliant red and reactive brilliant blue was isolated from the textile effluent contaminated site. Biodegradation of azo dyes the handbook of environmental chemistry 9 kindle edition by atacag erkurt, hatice. Azo dyes is the largest group of synthetic colorants and the most usual synthetic dyes released into the environment 2. Thus, wb could be utilized as a lowcost growth medium for the enrichment of bacteria and their further use for biodegradation of azo dyes and its derivatives containing wastes into nontoxic form.
Decolorization of dye had positive influence on the growth of. Because of the diversity of the dye components available for synthesis, a large number of structurally different synthetic dyes are today utilized for coloration. Bioremediation of textile azo dyes by aerobic bacterial consortium aerobic degradation of selected azo dyes by bacterial consortium. Azo dyes constitute a major class of environmental pollutants accounting for 60 to 70% of all dyes and pigments used. Azo dye degradation products were less toxic to growing sorghum bicolor than the. Introduction textile effluent treatment is of due significance owing to their polluting effects on water bodies1. Biodegradation of azo dyes the handbook of environmental chemistry atacag erkurt, hatice on.
Biodegradation of textile azo dyes by bacteria isolated. Degradation of synthetic azo dyes of textile industry. Azo are mainly used in dyeing textile fibers, particularly cotton but also silk, wool, viscose and synthetic fibers. Therefore, the treatment of industrial effluents containing azo dyes and their metabolites is. There are many different classes of dyes in which azo dyes are certainly one of the most important classes. Bacterial decolourization and degradation of azo dye.
In addition, azo dyes also have an adverse impact in terms of total organic carbon toc, biological oxygen demand bod, and chemical oxygen demand cod. Bioremediation of xenobiotics including synthetic dyes by different microbes will hopefully prove a green solution to the problem of environmental soil and water pollution in future. Biodegradation of azo dyes hatice atacag erkurt springer. The environmental, health and economic impacts of textile azo. Oct 10, 2014 microbes and there enzymes could decolorize the dyes by both aerobic and anaerobic metabolis.
Many synthetic azo dyes and their metabolites are toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading biodegradation of azo dyes the handbook of environmental chemistry 9. Integrated and sequential anaerobicaerobic biodegradation of azo dyes. P international journal of environmental sciences volume 1 no. Biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria inoculated on solid media. From the figure, it was observed that increase in ph up to 6. The biodegradation of azo dyes may occur either aerobically, anaerobic or by a combination of both. Bacterial decolorization of textile azo dye acid orange by. An innovative approach to biodegradation of textile azo. Isolation and identification of azo dye degrading bacteria. Pdf one of the main problems associated with the treatment of. One of the main problems associated with the treatment of textile wastewater is the removal of dyes. Oct 29, 2014 azo dyes are one of the oldest industrially synthesized organic compounds characterized by presence of azo bond nn and are widely utilized as coloring agents in textile, leather, cosmetic, paint, plastic, paper, and food industries during textile processing, inefficiencies in dyeing result in large amounts of the dyestuff varying from 2% loss when using basic dyes to a 50% loss when. Among synthetic dyes, azo dyes are the largest and versatile class of dyes which account for more than 50 % of the dyes produced annually.
Thus, the use of microbial technique for textile dye degradation will be. Azo dye degrading bacteria were isolated in half strength nutrient broth with 1% wv azo dye. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes under certain environmental conditions has gained momentum as a method of treatment, as these are inexpensive, ecofriendly and can be applied. Properties and advantages of azoic dye textile chapter. Studies on the biodegradation of azo dyes by white rot. The degradation of disperse orange 3, an azo dye, by silver nanoparticles which has been synthesized using green methodology has been described. These compounds are characterized by aromatic moieties linked. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i. Most 6070% of the more than 10,000 dyes applied in textileprocessing industries are azo. Azo dyes, biodegradation, reactive dyes, bacillus subtilis, rsm. Biodegradation of dyes by basidiomycetes fungi using hplc.
Degradation of azo dyes by alcaligenes aquatilis 3c and its potential. Biodegradation of textile azo dyes by bacteria isolated from. Jana and ajay bansal national institute of technology jalandhar, india email. Singh gb 1988 acute and shortterm toxicity of a popular blend of. Safe biodegradation of textile azo dyes by newly isolated lactic. Biodegradation of dyes by basidiomycetes fungi using hplc and uvvisible spectrophotometer anuradha kumari. This biological process includes biodegradation and biotransformation, with a goal to mineralize.
The most commercially important are mono azo dyes and di azo dyes, tri azo dyes, whereas poly azo are much less important. Azoic dyes do not get in readymade form in the market. These silver nanoparticles have been found to be potential catalysts for the degradation of disperse orange 3 in the presence of sodium borohydride nabh4. They cause severe contamination in river and ground water in the vicinity of dyeing industries4. Chemically related to azo dyes are azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and. Decolorization, biodegradation, azo dyes, comamonas acidovorans and burkholderia cepacia. The standard decolorization medium contained glucose as a carbon and energy source, and its ph was either controlled to 5. Human health and ecological effects have made this a burning issue. The ability of the bioagents to degrade azodyes depends on the structural characteristics of the dye, the temperature and ph of. Degradation and detoxification of three textile azo dyes by. Among the 27 strains of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from e.
Biodegradation of textile azo dyes by a facultative. Biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo dyes by. About half of the dyes used in industry are azo dyes. Degradation and detoxification of three textile azo dyes. Biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo dyes by bacterial consortium under sequential microaerophilicaerobic processes harshad lade, 1 avinash kadam, 2 diby paul, 1 and sanjay govindwar, 3. Lowcost biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo. Biodegradation of azo dyes the handbook of environmental. Biodegradation of reactive red m5b dye using bacillus subtilis. Microbiology research laboratory, department of microbiology, university of chittagong, chittagong 4331, bangladesh available online at. This study discusses the biodegradation under aerobic conditions of azo dyes with an oxidative enzyme laccase with or without mediator. It may also be necessary to combine aop with biological processes to achieve the.
Lowcost biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo dye. The aim of this work was to study the degradation and detoxification of three textile azo dyes reactive red 198, reactive red 141 and reactive blue 214 by mixed fungal cultures from semiarid region of brazilian northeast. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbor joining method with replicates.
The azo aromatic is the most widespread dye class in the industry. Azo dyes are characterized by one or more azo groups which nitrogen to nitrogen double bond nn and it absorb light in the visible spectrum directly to their chemical structure 3. Biodegradation of azo dyes in a sequential anaerobicaerobic. The initial step in the bacterial degradation of azo dyes is the reductive cleavage of azo bond by an enzymatic biotransformation reaction under static or anaerobic conditions which leads to the formation of colorless aromatic amines. Biodegradation of azo dyes by the yeast candida zeylanoides. It should be noted here that, azoic dye is different from other dye and the application process. Biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria inoculated on solid media blanca e.
Degradation of disperse orange 3 an azo dye by silver. Studies on immobilized yeast for decolorization of azo dyes dastagir, sindhu sameera, p. Degradation of azo dyes by alcaligenes aquatilis 3c. A microbial approach for biodegradation of pollutants chapter pdf available october 2015 with 4,696 reads how we measure reads. Wk4biodegradation of azo dyes free download as powerpoint presentation. Aerobic degradation of the azo dye acid red 151 in a sequencing batch bio. Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, school of advanced sciences, vit university, vellore, tamil nadu, india. By releasing of azo dye through textile effluent, textile industry is the main cause of. The phylogenetic reconstruction was done using the neighbour joining. It can be packed with wisdom and knowledge its been written in an exceedingly straightforward way and is particularly only soon. Microbial degradation of azo dyes 619 impact of azo dyes azo dyes and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are two groups of chemicals that are abundant in the environment. Analysis of bacterial degradation of azo dye congo red using hplc. Azo dyes are the largest group of dyes used in industry ramalho et al. Experiment 8 synthesis of an azo dye the coupling reaction.
Thus, this work aims to i screen and identify azo dye degrading lactic acid bacteria, ii study the potential of these isolates in azo dye degradation, iii detection of plasmids associated with degradation. Biodegradation of azo dyes in cocultures of anaerobic granular sludge with aerobic aromatic amine degrading enrichment cultures. Analysis of bacterial degradation of azo dye congo red. Due to the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of azo dyes and their breakdown products, their removal from industrial wastewaters has. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. Redox biodegradation of azo dyes universidade do minho. Wk4biodegradation of azo dyes dye physical sciences. Studies were carried out on the decolorization of textile azo dyes by newly isolated halophilic and halotolerant bacteria. The textile industry accounts for twothirds of the total dyestuff market and during the dyeing process approximately 10% of the dyes used are. Poisonous compounds of azodyes easily blend with water bodies, penetrate into aquatic organisms, eventually get to man via food chain and. An innovative approach to biodegradation of textile azo dyes. The interactive effect of ph and temperature on biodegradation of textile wastewater using ganoderma lucidum is shown in fig.